Japanese culture and language blend tradition and modernity, emphasizing respect, harmony, and non-verbal cues. Politeness and humility guide interactions, reflected in bowing and considerate speech. Understanding key language phrases and cultural etiquette is essential for smooth and respectful communication.
Key Principles of Communication in Japan
- Politeness: Central to Japanese culture, emphasizing respect and humility. Polite speech often ends with "-masu" or "-desu."
- Non-Verbal Communication: Bowing is used to express gratitude, apologies, or respect. A slight bow suffices in most scenarios.
- Indirectness: Communication is often softened to maintain harmony. Requests and statements are phrased gently and respectfully.
Essential Phrases and Vocabulary
Basic Greetings and Phrases
- Hello: Konnichiwa (こんにちは)
- Good morning: Ohayou gozaimasu (おはようございます)
- Good evening: Konbanwa (こんばんは)
- Goodbye: Sayounara (さようなら)
- Thank you: Arigatou gozaimasu (ありがとうございます)
- Excuse me / Sorry: Sumimasen (すみません)
Key Questions
- Do you speak English?: Eigo o hanasemasu ka? (英語を話せますか？)
- Where is [location]?: [Location] wa doko desu ka? (〜はどこですか？)
- How much is this?: Kore wa ikura desu ka? (これはいくらですか？)
- What is this?: Kore wa nan desu ka? (これは何ですか？)
- Can you help me?: Tasukete kudasai (助けてください)
Commonly Used Words
- Yes: Hai (はい)
- No: Iie (いいえ)
- Water: Mizu (水)
- Bathroom: Toire (トイレ)
- Train: Densha (電車)
- Taxi: Takushii (タクシー)
Navigating Key Situations
Transportation
- Where is the train station?: Eki wa doko desu ka? (駅はどこですか？)
- Does this train go to [Place]?: Kono densha wa [Place] e ikimasu ka? (この電車は〜へ行きますか？)
- I need a taxi: Takushii o onegaishimasu (タクシーをお願いします)
Dining and Food
- I’d like this: Kore o kudasai (これをください)
- What do you recommend?: Osusume wa nan desu ka? (おすすめは何ですか？)
- Check, please: Okanjou onegaishimasu (お勘定お願いします)
- I have a food allergy: Arerugii ga arimasu (アレルギーがあります)
Shopping
- How much is this?: Kore wa ikura desu ka? (これはいくらですか？)
- Can I pay with a credit card?: Kurejitto kaado wa tsukaemasu ka? (クレジットカードは使えますか？)
- Where is an ATM?: ATM wa doko desu ka? (ATMはどこですか？)
Emergencies
- I need a doctor: Isha ga hitsuyou desu (医者が必要です)
- Call the police: Keisatsu o yonde kudasai (警察を呼んでください)
- I lost my [item]: [Item] o nakushimashita (〜をなくしました)
Cultural Sensitivity and Etiquette
- Shoes: Remove shoes when entering homes, temples, or traditional establishments.
- Tipping: Not customary. Gratitude is shown verbally or with gestures.
- Queuing: Expected in public spaces such as train stations and restaurants. Cutting lines is considered impolite.
Reading and Understanding Signs
- Exit: Deguchi (出口)
- Entrance: Iriguchi (入口)
- Male: Otoko (男)
- Female: Onna (女)
- Emergency Exit: Hijou guchi (非常口)
Action Plan for Arrival
Immigration and Customs
Have your passport and arrival card ready. Be prepared to answer questions such as "What is the purpose of your visit?" (Houmon no mokuteki wa nan desu ka? 訪問の目的は何ですか？).Transportation
Follow signs for "Train" (電車) or "Taxi" (タクシー). Ask for directions using, "Tokyo eki wa doko desu ka?" (Where is Tokyo Station?).Accommodations
Confirm hotel reservations by saying, "Yoyaku shiteimasu" (I have a reservation, 予約しています).
Practical Vocabulary for Immediate Use
Numbers
- 1: Ichi (いち)
- 2: Ni (に)
- 3: San (さん)
- 4: Shi/Yon (し/よん)
- 5: Go (ご)
- 6: Roku (ろく)
- 7: Shichi/Nana (しち/なな)
- 8: Hachi (はち)
- 9: Kyuu (きゅう)
- 10: Juu (じゅう)
- Example: 25 = Ni juu go (にじゅうご)
Days of the Week
- Monday: Getsuyoubi (月曜日)
- Tuesday: Kayoubi (火曜日)
- Wednesday: Suiyoubi (水曜日)
- Thursday: Mokuyoubi (木曜日)
- Friday: Kinyoubi (金曜日)
- Saturday: Doyoubi (土曜日)
- Sunday: Nichiyoubi (日曜日)